Karl Marx was born in Germany in the early nineteenth-on, then, Kingdom of Prussia, in the midst of a middle-class Jewish family and a descendant of an important line of rabbis. Nothing seemed to indicate that the little Karl, a young shy, brilliant, could end up becoming one of the most in the history of political thought. And that is just twenty years ago, half the population still lived in countries whose political regimes claimed to be inspired by his thoughts, as most current guerrilla movements under the banner of Marxism as if it's give it a justification are not able to find otherwise.
The two most important books were published Marx undoubtedly The Communist Manifesto and Capital . The first, a letter in which to settle the main communist ideas was commissioned by the League of Communists in collaboration with his friend, el empresario Friedrich Engels, mientras que el segundo es un tratado de economía política en cuya edición también tuvo mucho que ver su compañero de batallas. Pero hay una frase que ha pasado a la historia ligada indisolublemente a la figura de Marx y que curiosamente no aparece en ninguno de estos dos libros. La frase en cuestión es “ La religión es el opio del pueblo ” y el ideólogo alemán la escribió como prólogo para la Crítica de la Filosofía del Derecho , de Hegel.
No han sido pocos los que han utilizado esta frase como arma arrojadiza, aunque también es cierto que la mayoría de éstos no conoce en profundidad el pensamiento de Marx ni han leído his writings. Undeniably, the critical sense of this phrase to religion, but one must know that the founder of communist theory did not consider it a "conspiracy clerical" as was the philosophy of the Enlightenment. For Marx, religion or even recognizing the importance of their role in medieval times, alienated human essence as did the opium, which was half of the nineteenth century legal use and administered as an analgesic, to treat cholera or even as an anesthetic in the form of morphine which, incidentally, is named in honor of Morpheus, representing mythological figure in ancient Greece, the god of dreams. And is that
this time, mid-nineteenth century, anesthesia was first used in surgical procedures and dental extractions. Today, thanks to the use of new drugs and advanced monitoring systems, anesthesia, as well as to have become an essential element for medicine, has gained very high security levels having greatly reduced the complications that only a few years it produced. Today
distinguishes between three types of anesthesia: the local, which eliminates the sensation of pain in a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe body, the regional, which eliminates a region or several members of the body, within the latter is, by example, epidural, and general, resulting in a state of unconsciousness. In addition to the aforementioned state of unconsciousness, all general anesthesia must ensure two basic components such as amnesia and analgesia. Therefore, anesthesia used hypnotics, analgesics and muscle relaxants.
Hypnotics are drugs that the patient sleep, prevent anxiety and produce some degree of amnesia. Among these include halothane, one of the most used historically, but today its use in developed countries is minimal, and nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, which was used as a sedative by the American dentist Horace Wells in 1844 .
On the other hand, analgesic drugs seek the abolition of pain and anesthesia is often used in natural derivatives of opium such as morphine, but also used other, synthetic, that mimic the opioid effect, with more power.
The immobility of the patient is obtained through the use of muscle relaxants derived from curare, a substance obtained from a plant that is abundant in the Amazon basin and has been used for many years by indigenous peoples to immobilize their prey. Achieved with these drugs also reduce the resistance of the cavities for the surgery and to allow artificial ventilation.
When Marx spoke of religion as the opium of the people just wanted to say that it is able to numb the revolutionary spirit of the natural human being. But today it seems not to matter. Each sentence makes this stronghold, as has happened so often with Marxism itself.
No comments:
Post a Comment